MoO3-x/PCN的原位合成及其增强光催化产氢性能的研究

本文通过简单的一步浸渍煅烧法原位合成了氧化钼纳米晶/聚合物氮化碳复合光催化剂，该不含铂基助催化剂的氧化钼修饰聚合物氮化碳光催化剂在可见光照射下表现出增强的光催化产氢性能，最高产氢速率为15.6 μmol/h，是普通聚合物氮化碳样品的3倍以上. 相应的结构与性能的分析表明，与后浸渍法不同，在原位生长过程中高分散的超小氧化钼纳米晶体与聚合物氮化碳之间形成了紧密的耦合界面结构，可见光产氢活性的提升源自高分散的超小氧化钼纳米晶与聚合物氮化碳之间形成的紧密界面，以及该界面结构形成的肖特基结带来的有效电荷载流子转移.     

套索冠醚固定相的气相色谱研究

用一种新合成的套索冠醚Ｎ，Ｎ′－双（乙酰苄胺）－二氮杂－１８－冠－６作为固定相，涂渍在弹性石英毛细管内，测其柱效、惰性、热稳定性、平均极性及选择性等性质。实验表明，它具有良好的色谱性能，中等极性，分离选择性高，适用于对醇、卤代烃、芳香烃等各类异构体的分离，并从分子结构和热力学参数等探讨了保留机理。     

基于掺Zn氮化碳和BiVO4构建Z型光催化系统实现完全分解水

随着现代工业的迅猛发展和化石燃料的过量使用, 全球范围内能源和环境问题日益严峻, 因此利用丰富的太阳光能分解水来直接制取清洁的氢气具有诱人的应用前景. 目前, 聚合物半导体石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)因其廉价、稳定、不含金属组分和独特的电子能带结构已被广泛应用于光解水产氢研究. 然而, 氮化碳具有结晶度差、光生载流子易复合的缺点.众所周知, Z型体系可以很好地减少电子和空穴的复合问题. 同时, 催化剂只需分别满足光解水过程的一端, 这使得半导体光催化剂的选择非常丰富, 可以大大拓宽材料体系. 因此, 将g-C3N4运用到Z型体系中的研究得到了广泛关注. 然而, 这些研究多集中在如何增强g-C3N4的产氢能力方面, 对实现水的完全分解的研究鲜见报道.本实验设计了这样一种Z型体系: 使用掺Zn的g-C3N4作为产氢端, BiVO4作为产氧端, Fe3+/Fe2+作为氧化还原对. 实验结果表明, 该体系可以在全波段下实现水的完全分解(氢氧比为2:1), 并且保持相当高的稳定性.实验所使用的氮化碳为固相法烧结尿素制得, Zn的掺杂采用浸渍法, 同时通过水热法合成BiVO4, 使用Pt作为助催化剂. 通过搭建含有不同组成成分的Z型体系, 将它们的性能和表征结果进行比较分析.通过XRD, UV-Vis, SEM和XPS等测试手段对催化剂进行表征. XRD分析结果表明成功合成了掺杂Zn的石墨相氮化碳. UV-Vis则显示随着Zn浓度的提高, 吸收边发生变化. 通过改变掺杂Zn的浓度, 得到了能够实现完全分解水的Z型体系,其最佳掺杂比例为: ZnCl2和氮化碳的质量比为1:10. 为了排除单催化剂和Pt颗粒对完全分解水性能的影响, 分别作了单独产氢端、单独产氧端、预负载Pt和光沉积Pt的性能测试. 从SEM中没有发现g-C3N4和BiVO4的异质结结构. 这些结果表明所搭建的是典型的利用氧化还原离子对为中间电子传输载体的Z型体系, 经长达12 h的持续测试证明其具有较高的稳定性.为了研究Zn在构建Z型中所起的作用, 分别采用文献中报道的原位和浸渍法实现Zn的掺杂. 对这两种掺杂方式的性能测试表明, 只有采用浸渍法时, 所构建的Z型体系具有完全分解水的能力. 对这两种方法得到的掺Zn氮化碳进行表面化学组成和价态(XPS)的分析. 结果显示, 两种掺杂方法都可以通过形成Zn=N键的形式实现Zn的掺杂, 但浸渍法使Zn在g-C3N4表面分布更均匀, 同时对氮化碳原本三嗪环的破坏较小, 因此具有更好的还原能力, 可以与BiVO4匹配以构成Z型体系.实验通过采用掺杂Zn的氮化碳作为产氢催化剂, BiVO4作为产氧催化剂, Fe3+/Fe2+作为氧化还原中间体, 构建了典型的Z型体系. 该体系在Zn的掺杂浓度为10%时能够实现长时间稳定的完全分解水.     

Influence of Gas Components on the Formation of Carbonyl Sulfide over Water-Gas Shift Catalyst B303Q

Water-gas shift reaction catalyst at lower temperature (200—400℃) may improve the conversion of carbon monoxide. But carbonyl sulfide was found to be present over the sulfided cobalt-molybdenum/alumina catalyst for water-gas shift reaction. The influences of temperature, space velocity, and gas components on the formation of carbonyl sulfide over sulfided cobalt-molybdenum/alumina catalyst B303Q at 200—400℃were studied in a tubular fixed-bed quartz-glass reactor under simulated water-gas shift conditions. The experimental results showed that the yield of carbonyl sulfide over B303Q catalyst reached a maximum at 220℃with the increase in temperature, sharply decreased with the increase in space velocity and the content of water vapor, increased with the increase in the content of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and its yield increased and then reached a stable value with the increase in the content of hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide. The formation mechanism of carbonyl sulfide over B303Q catalyst at 200—400℃was discussed on the basis of how these factors influence the formation of COS. The yield of carbonyl sulfide over B303Q catalyst at 200-400℃was the combined result of two reactions, that is, COS was first produced by the reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen sulfide, and then the as-produced COS was converted to hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide by hydrolysis. The mechanism of COS formation is assumed as follows: sulfur atoms in the Co9S8-MOS2/Al2O3 crystal lattice were easily removed and formed carbonyl sulfide with CO, and then hydrogen sulfide in the water-gas shift gas reacted with the crystal lattice oxygen atoms in CoO-MoO3/Al2O3 to form Co9S8-MoS2/Al2O3. This mechanism for the formation of COS over water-gas shift catalyst B303Q is in accordance with the Mars-Van Krevelen's redox mechanism over metal sulfide.     

Uniform-sized molecularly imprinted polymer for metsulfuron-methyl by one-step swelling and polymerization method

Uniform-sized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) beads for metsulfuron-methyl (MSM) were firstly prepared by one-step swelling and polymerization method using 4-vinylpyridine (4-VPY) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. The preparation was optimized by varying the ratio of MSM to 4-VPY. The chromatographic behaviors of MSM and other structurally related sulfonylureas (SUs) on the resultant MIP column were evaluated. The imprinted polymer revealed specific affinity to the template and the fair resolution of SUs was also obtained. Furthermore, the uniform-sized MSM-MIP was used as the solid phase extraction (SPE) material to enrich MSM in real water samples before reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) analysis. The recovery of MSM from 100 mL of drinking water at a 50 ng/L spike level was 99.59% with R.S.D. of 1.13%. The detection limit was about 6.0 ng/L of MSM when enriching a 100 mL water sample.     

β—（酚酯基）乙基锗倍半氧化物的合成及对体外培养细胞的作用

β-羧基乙基锗倍半氧化物(即Ge-132)是一种无毒和具较强抗癌活性的有机锗化合物。为了进一步提高其抗癌活性。已对Ge-132进行了化学结构修饰。本文介绍8种未见报导的Ge-132衍生物,β-酚酯基乙基锗倍半氧化物的合成和体外培养细胞实验结果。     

β-羧乙基(或α-甲基乙基)锗三氯化物晶体和分子结构及其质谱分析

有机锗化合物的抗癌等广泛生物活性已引起人们对其研究的兴趣。β-羰乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge-132)的生物活性已有广泛研究,对其衍生物合成及性质研究亦受到重视。作为合成这类衍生物的中间体,β-羧烃基锗三氯化物的结构和性质报道较少。我们制备了两种β-羧烷基锗三氯化物晶体,测定了其晶体和分子结构,研究了质谱裂解机理,讨论了结构和性质问的关系。     

Effects of chain entanglement on liquid-liquid phase separation behavior of LCST-type polymer blends: Cloud point and decomposition rate

By preparing homogenous blend samples with different degrees of chain entanglement, we report an anomalous contribution of chain entanglement to phase separation temperature and rate of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-comaleic anhydride)(PMMA/SMA) blends presenting a typical lower critical solution temperature(LCST) behavior. The meltmixed PMMA/SMA blends with a higher chain entanglement density present a lower cloud point(Tc) and shorter delay time, but lower phase separation rate at the given temperature than solution-cast ones, suggesting that for the polymer blends with different condensed state structure, thermodynamically more facilitation to phase separation(lower Tc) is not necessarily equivalent to faster kinetics(decomposition rate). The experimental results indicate that the lower Tc of melt-mixed sample is ascribed to smaller concentration fluctuation wavelength(Λm) induced by higher entanglement degree, while higher entanglement degree in melt-mixed sample leads to a confined segmental dynamics and consequently a slower kinetics(decomposition rate) dominated by macromolecular diffusion at a comparable quench depth. These results reveal that the chain packing in polymer blends can remarkably influence the liquid-liquid phase separation behavior, which is a significant difference from decomposition of small molecular mixtures.     

Direct Electron Transfer and Electrocatalysis of Myoglobin Based on its Direct Immobilization on Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode

Direct electron transfer of myoglobin (Mb) was achieved by its direct immobilization on carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) with a conductive hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1‐butyl pyridinium hexaflourophosphate ([BuPy][PF₆]) as binder for the first time. A pair of well‐defined, quasi‐reversible redox peaks was observed for Mb/CILE resulting from Mb redox of heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) with oxidation potential of ?0.277 V, reduction potential of ?0.388 V, the formal potential E°′ (E°′=(E_pa+E_pc)/2) at ?0.332 V and the peak‐to‐peak potential separation of 0.111 V at 0.5 V/s. The average surface coverage of the electroactive Mb immobilized on the electrode surface was calculated as 1.06±0.03×10^?9 mol cm^?2. Mb retained its bioactivity on modified electrode and showed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H₂O₂. The cathodic peak current of Mb was linear to H₂O₂ concentration in the range from 6.0 μM to 160 μM with a detection limit of 2.0 μM (S/N=3). The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (K and the electron transfer rate constant (k_s) were estimated to be 140±1 μM and 2.8±0.1 s^?1, respectively. The biosensor achieved the direct electrochemistry of Mb on CILE without the help of any supporting film or any electron mediator.